CIBIL Report Codes Explained: DPD, STD, SMA, LSS & Account Types

Your CIBIL report uses short codes in two places: the payment history of each account, and the account details above it.

In the payment history, a three-digit number is the days past due (DPD) for that month — 000 means paid on time, 030 means 30 days late. Instead of a number, a lender may report an asset classification: STD (standard, fine), SMA (special mention — overdue but not yet bad), SUB (substandard), DBT (doubtful) or LSS (loss). SUB, DBT and LSS mean the loan has become a non-performing asset, and they badly damage your score.

In the account details, account type is a two-digit code for the kind of loan (05 = personal loan, 10 = credit card, 36 = Kisan Credit Card), and status flags such as written-off, settled or restructured tell lenders how the account ended. The codes below come from the Uniform Credit Reporting Format that lenders use to report to all four credit bureaus.

Each loan or card on your report has an account block with two parts:

• ▸Account details — the lender, account type, ownership (yours alone, joint, or as guarantor), dates opened and closed, sanctioned amount, current balance, amount overdue, and any status such as written-off or settled.
• ▸Payment history — a month-by-month grid, usually covering the last 36 months, showing what the lender reported for each month: a DPD number or an asset-classification code.

Lenders read the payment history first. A run of 000s across every account is what a strong report looks like. Anything else is a question a lender will ask you about. If you have not read your report before, start with our walkthrough of how to read a CIBIL report.

The classifications follow the RBI's prudential norms. A loan becomes a non-performing asset when an instalment stays unpaid for more than 90 days. Before that, banks tag it as SMA in three stages: SMA-0 (up to 30 days overdue), SMA-1 (31–60 days) and SMA-2 (61–90 days). After 90 days it becomes SUB, moves to DBT once it has been an NPA for over a year, and to LSS when the lender judges it uncollectable.

XXX is not a negative mark in itself. It usually appears when a lender did not report that month, for example a card with no statement generated. If you know you paid on time and the bill was generated, you can ask the lender to report the month correctly.

LSS means Loss. It is the most serious classification a lender can report while the account is still open: the loan is long overdue and the lender does not expect to recover it. An LSS entry tells every future lender that a previous lender has effectively given up on the money.

In practice, an account showing SUB, DBT or LSS makes approval for new unsecured credit very unlikely until it is resolved, and even secured loans become harder and more expensive. If you see LSS on an account you believe you have repaid, treat it as urgent: get a closure letter or NOC from the lender and raise a dispute (see below).

Below the payment history, an account can carry a credit facility status. These are the ones you are most likely to see:

Settled is not the same as closed. "Closed" means you repaid in full. "Settled" tells future lenders you negotiated your way out of part of the debt, and it can hurt for years. If you settled in the past and can now afford it, ask the lender for the outstanding difference, pay it, and request that the status be updated to closed.

Every account carries a two-digit account type. These are the codes lenders use when reporting to the credit bureaus:

So a "type 36 loan" is a Kisan Credit Card account, and type 69 is a short-term personal loan. If an account type looks wrong — a card reported as a personal loan, or a loan you never took — dispute it, because the type affects how lenders read your credit mix.

Each account also shows your relationship to it: individual (yours alone), joint (shared with a co-borrower), guarantor, or authorised user (an add-on card on someone else's account).

Guarantor and joint accounts matter more than people expect. If the main borrower misses payments, the delays can appear on your report too, and the loan counts towards your obligations when you apply for credit. Before standing guarantor, read our guide to co-borrower and guarantor liability.

• ▸Collect proof. A closure letter, NOC, payment receipts or bank statements showing the payment.
• ▸Raise a dispute with the credit bureau. Each bureau has an online dispute form on its website. Select the account and the field that is wrong. The bureau forwards it to the lender.
• ▸Write to the lender as well. Only the lender can change what it reports. Use its grievance channel and quote the dispute number.
• ▸Know the timelines. Under RBI rules, a complaint should be resolved within 30 days in total: the lender has 21 days and the bureau 9. If it is not, you are entitled to compensation of ₹100 for each day of delay.
• ▸Escalate if needed. If the lender or bureau does not resolve it, complain to the RBI Integrated Ombudsman.

RBI rules also give you one free full credit report a year from each bureau, and since 1 July 2026 lenders report to bureaus four times a month (the 9th, 16th, 23rd and month-end), so a correction usually shows up within weeks. See how to check your CIBIL score for free.

• ▸Read the payment history before the score. The score is a summary; the codes are what lenders actually look at.
• ▸Anything other than 000 or STD needs an explanation — either a fix (if it is wrong) or a story you can tell a lender (if it is right).
• ▸SUB, DBT, LSS, written-off and settled are the codes that block loans. Resolve them before you apply, not after a rejection.
• ▸Dispute errors with both the bureau and the lender, keep the dispute number, and hold them to the RBI's 30-day timeline.

Codes and account types as defined in the Uniform Credit Reporting Format used by lenders to report to India's credit bureaus; asset classifications per RBI prudential norms.